Earlier that month, Eisenhower had entered Walter Reed Army Medical Center after an attack of ileitis, an intestinal ailment. Furthermore, he said: Our unity as a nation is sustained by free communication of thought and by easy transportation of people and goods. It provided for a 65,000-km national system of interstate and defense highways to be built over 13 years, with the federal government paying for 90 percent, or $24.8 billion. In his transmittal letter, he acknowledged the "varieties of proposals which must be resolved into a national highway pattern," and he wrote that the Clay Committee's proposal would "provide a solid foundation for a sound program." On Jan. 5, 1956, in his State of the Union Address, the president renewed his call for a "modern, interstate highway system." The creation of the Model T made the automobile affordable to even average American and stimulated suburban growth as Americans distanced themselves from urban settings. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Feb. 22, 1955 By the late 1930s, the pressure for construction of transcontinental superhighways was building. Interregional Highways, written by Fairbank and released on Jan. 14, 1943, refined the concepts introduced in Part II of Toll Roads and Free Roads. People began to fight back. For his part, during 1954-1955, Eisenhower had adamantly refused to support a highway bill that either raised user taxes or increased deficit spending, instead favoring a plan that would create a government corporation that would issue highway bonds. a federal program that pain farmers to retire land from production for ten years. Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 - Wikipedia One of them was the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, the landmark bill for which he had fought so hard. (1888-1956) served as the Secretary of State under Eisenhower; significant figure in the early cold war era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world. 8, 9, 10. The bill was sent to the Senate, which referred the two titles to different committees for consideration. Others complained that the standards were too high. He also had a direct link to the data resources of BPR. These experiences shaped Eisenhower's views on highways. An official website of the United States government Here's how you know. All Rights Reserved. I wanted the job done. David Riesman; a sociological study of modern conformity. He feared resumption of the Depression if American soldiers returned from the war and were unable to find jobs. (1890-1969) a Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), which he formed. The federal share of project costs would be 90 percent. Finally, fear of a nuclear attack during the Cold War led to consideration of interstate highways as a means for mass evacuation of urban centers during an atomic strike. Albert Gore Sr. of Tennessee, chairman of the Subcommittee on Roads in the Committee on Public Works, introduced his own bill. Additionally, Kentucky has several former toll roads that, in full or part, became part of the Interstate Highway system after the removal of tolls (parts of I-69, I-165, and I-169, with I-69 Spur and I-369 following in the near future). But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Example 1. badworse,worst\underline{\text{bad worse, worst}}badworse,worst. It was both demanded by and a bolster to American mobility. In succeeding years, apportionments would be made on the cost-to-complete basis provided for in the Fallon bill. Interstate Highway System The most permanent legacy of the Eisenower years was the passage in 1956 of the Highway Act, which authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation's major cities. Though Eisenhower is sometimes described as having advocated for the highways for the purpose of national defense, scholarship has shown that he said relatively little about national defense when actually advocating for the plan, instead emphasizing highway fatalities and the importance of transportation for the national economy. Rival apportionment formulas divided the states. Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn told reporters, "The people who were going to have to pay for these roads put on a propaganda campaign that killed the bill." After he became president in 1953, Eisenhower was determined to build the highways that lawmakers had been talking about for years. Secondly, most U.S. Air Force bases have a direct link to the system. Among the pressing questions involved in passing highway legislation were where exactly the highways should be built, and how much of the cost should be carried by the federal government versus the individual states. Because the Senate had approved the Gore bill in 1955, the action remained in the House. McLean, VA 22101 The Committee on Public Works combined the Fallon and Boggs bills as Title I and Title II, respectively, of a single bill that was introduced on April 21. His "Grand Plan" for highways, announced in 1954, led to the 1956 legislative breakthrough that created the Highway Trust Fund to accelerate construction of the Interstate System. Rep. George H. Fallon of Baltimore, Md., chairman of the Subcommittee on Roads in the House Committee on Public Works, knew that even if the House approved the Clay Committee plan, it would stand little chance of surviving a House-Senate conference. The Highway Revenue Act of 1956 proposed to increase the gas tax from two to three cents per gallon and to impose a series of other highway user tax changes. Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, Pa., 1987. The Interstate Highway System - Definition, Purpose & Facts - History Most unpleasant of all was the damage the roads were inflicting on the city neighborhoods in their path. (However, legislation passed in 1966 required all parts of the interstate highway system to be at least four lanes with no at-grade intersections regardless of traffic volume.)
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